Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Neurologic stunned myocardium (NSM) is a phenomenon where neurologic events give rise to cardiac abnormalities. Neurologic\nevents like stroke and seizures cause sympathetic storm and autonomic dysregulation that result in myocardial injury.The clinical\npresentation can involve troponin elevation, left ventricular dysfunction, and ECG changes. These findings are similar to Takotsubo\ncardiomyopathy and acute coronary syndrome. It is difficult to distinguish NSM from acute coronary syndrome based on clinical\npresentation alone. Because of this difficulty, a patient withNSMwho is at high risk for coronary heart disease may undergo cardiac\ncatheterization to rule out coronary artery disease.The objective of this review of literature is to enhance physician�s awareness of\nNSM and its features to help tailor management according to the patient�s clinical profile....
Background: Disease modifying therapies (DMTs) are urgently needed for neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) such\nas Alzheimer�s disease (AD) and many other disorders characterized by protein aggregation and neurodegeneration.\nDespite advances in understanding the neurobiology of NDD, there are no approved DMTs.\nDiscussion: Defining disease-modification is critical to drug-development programs. A DMT is an intervention that\nproduces an enduring change in the trajectory of clinical decline of an NDD by impacting the disease processes\nleading to nerve cell death. A DMT is neuroprotective, and neuroprotection will result in disease modification.\nDisease modification can be demonstrated in clinical trials by a drug-placebo difference in clinical outcomes\nsupported by a drug-placebo difference on biomarkers reflective of the fundamental pathophysiology of the NDD.\nAlternatively, disease modification can be supported by findings on a staggered start or delayed withdrawal clinical\ntrial design. Collecting multiple biomarkers is necessary to support a comprehensive view of disease modification.\nConclusion: Disease modification is established by demonstrating an enduring change in the clinical trajectory of\nan NDD based on intervention in the fundamental pathophysiology of the disease leading to nerve cell death.\nSupporting data are collected in clinical trials. Effectively defining a DMT will assist in NDD drug development programs....
Leptomeningeal contrast enhancement (LMCE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a newly recognized possible biomarker\nin multiple sclerosis (MS), associated with MS progression and cortical atrophy. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of\nLMCE foci and their impact on neurodegeneration and disability. Materials. 54 patients with MS were included in the study. LMCE\nwere detected with a 3 Tesla scanner on postcontrast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) sequence. Expanded Disability\nStatus Scale (EDSS) score, number of relapses during 5 years from MS onset, and number of contrast-enhancing lesions on T1\nweighted MRI were counted. Results. LMCE was detected in 41% (22/54) of patients. LMCE-positive patients had longer disease\nduration (...
In order to explore the effect of root-securing and brain-fortifying Liquid- (RSBFL-) mediated caveolin-1 (CAV-1) on\nphosphorylation of Tau protein and to uncover underlying mechanisms of RSBFL for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer�s\ndisease (AD), hippocampal neurons isolated from neonatal SD rats and cultured in DMEM-F12 medium were induced by\nexogenous A...
Background. Spinal schwannomas are common benign spinal tumors. Their treatment has significantly evolved over the years, and\npreserving neurological functions has become one of the main treatment goals together with tumor resection. Study Design and\nAims. Retrospective review focused on clinical assessment, treatment techniques, and outcomes. Methods. A retrospective study on\nour surgical series was performed. Clinical and operative data were analyzed. In regard to neurophysiologic monitoring, patients\nwere retrospectively divided into two groups comparing the outcomes before and after introduction of routine intraoperative\nneurophysiology tests. Results. From 1951 to 2010, 367 patients overall were treated. Diagnosis was obtained using angiography\nand/or myelography (pre-CT era), MRI, or CT scan. A posterior spinal approach was used for most patients; complex approaches\nwere adopted for treatment of giant/dumbbell tumors. A trend of neurophysiology monitoring decreasing the rate of post-op\nneurological deficits was observed but was not statistically significant enough to draft evidence-based conclusions. Conclusions.\nClinical and radiological assessment of spinal schwannomas has markedly changed over the course of 50 years. Diagnostic tools\nhave improved, and detection of recurrence has become way more sensitive. Neurophysiologic monitoring has become a useful\nintraoperative tool to guide resection and prevent post-op neurological impairment....
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